qml.qinfo.transforms.purity

purity(tape, wires, **kwargs)

Compute the purity of a QuantumTape returning state().

\[\gamma = \text{Tr}(\rho^2)\]

where \(\rho\) is the density matrix. The purity of a normalized quantum state satisfies \(\frac{1}{d} \leq \gamma \leq 1\), where \(d\) is the dimension of the Hilbert space. A pure state has a purity of 1.

It is possible to compute the purity of a sub-system from a given state. To find the purity of the overall state, include all wires in the wires argument.

Warning

The qml.qinfo.purity transform is deprecated and will be removed in v0.40. Instead, include the pennylane.purity() measurement process in the return line of your QNode.

Parameters

• tape (QNode or QuantumTape or Callable) – A quantum circuit object returning a state().

• wires (Sequence(int)) – List of wires in the considered subsystem.

Returns

The transformed circuit as described in qml.transform. Executing this circuit will provide the purity in the form of a tensor.

Return type

qnode (QNode) or quantum function (Callable) or tuple[List[QuantumTape], function]

Example

dev = qml.device("default.mixed", wires=2)

@qml.qnode(dev)
def noisy_circuit(p):
    qml.Hadamard(wires=0)
    qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1])
    qml.BitFlip(p, wires=0)
    qml.BitFlip(p, wires=1)
    return qml.state()

@qml.qnode(dev)
def circuit(x):
    qml.IsingXX(x, wires=[0, 1])
    return qml.state()

>>> purity(noisy_circuit, wires=[0, 1])(0.2)
0.5648000000000398
>>> purity(circuit, wires=[0])(np.pi / 2)
0.5
>>> purity(circuit, wires=[0, 1])(np.pi / 2)
1.0

See also

pennylane.math.purity()

code/api/pennylane.qinfo.transforms.purity

 

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