Source code for pennylane.templates.state_preparations.basis

# Copyright 2018-2021 Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc.

# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at

#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
r"""
Contains the BasisStatePreparation template.
"""

import numpy as np
import pennylane as qml
from pennylane.operation import Operation, AnyWires


[docs]class BasisStatePreparation(Operation): r""" Prepares a basis state on the given wires using a sequence of Pauli-X gates. .. warning:: ``basis_state`` influences the circuit architecture and is therefore incompatible with gradient computations. Args: basis_state (array): Input array of shape ``(n,)``, where n is the number of wires the state preparation acts on. wires (Iterable): wires that the template acts on **Example** .. code-block:: python dev = qml.device("default.qubit", wires=4) @qml.qnode(dev) def circuit(basis_state): qml.BasisStatePreparation(basis_state, wires=range(4)) return [qml.expval(qml.Z(i)) for i in range(4)] basis_state = [0, 1, 1, 0] >>> print(circuit(basis_state)) [ 1. -1. -1. 1.] """ num_params = 1 num_wires = AnyWires grad_method = None ndim_params = (1,) def __init__(self, basis_state, wires, id=None): basis_state = qml.math.stack(basis_state) # check if the `basis_state` param is batched batched = len(qml.math.shape(basis_state)) > 1 state_batch = basis_state if batched else [basis_state] for i, state in enumerate(state_batch): shape = qml.math.shape(state) if len(shape) != 1: raise ValueError( f"Basis states must be one-dimensional; state {i} has shape {shape}." ) n_bits = shape[0] if n_bits != len(wires): raise ValueError( f"Basis states must be of length {len(wires)}; state {i} has length {n_bits}." ) if not qml.math.is_abstract(state): if any(bit not in [0, 1] for bit in state): raise ValueError( f"Basis states must only consist of 0s and 1s; state {i} is {state}" ) # TODO: basis_state should be a hyperparameter, not a trainable parameter. # However, this breaks a test that ensures compatibility with batch_transform. # The transform should be rewritten to support hyperparameters as well. super().__init__(basis_state, wires=wires, id=id)
[docs] @staticmethod def compute_decomposition(basis_state, wires): # pylint: disable=arguments-differ r"""Representation of the operator as a product of other operators. .. math:: O = O_1 O_2 \dots O_n. .. seealso:: :meth:`~.BasisStatePreparation.decomposition`. Args: basis_state (array): Input array of shape ``(len(wires),)`` wires (Any or Iterable[Any]): wires that the operator acts on Returns: list[.Operator]: decomposition of the operator **Example** >>> qml.BasisStatePreparation.compute_decomposition(basis_state=[1, 1], wires=["a", "b"]) [X('a'), X('b')] """ if len(qml.math.shape(basis_state)) > 1: raise ValueError( "Broadcasting with BasisStatePreparation is not supported. Please use the " "qml.transforms.broadcast_expand transform to use broadcasting with " "BasisStatePreparation." ) if not qml.math.is_abstract(basis_state): op_list = [] for wire, state in zip(wires, basis_state): if state == 1: op_list.append(qml.X(wire)) return op_list op_list = [] for wire, state in zip(wires, basis_state): op_list.append(qml.PhaseShift(state * np.pi / 2, wire)) op_list.append(qml.RX(state * np.pi, wire)) op_list.append(qml.PhaseShift(state * np.pi / 2, wire)) return op_list