Source code for pennylane.transforms.optimization.single_qubit_fusion

# Copyright 2018-2021 Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc.

# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at

#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""Transform for fusing sequences of single-qubit gates."""
# pylint: disable=too-many-branches
from typing import Sequence, Callable

from pennylane.tape import QuantumTape
from pennylane.transforms import transform
from pennylane.ops.qubit import Rot
from pennylane.math import allclose, stack, is_abstract
from pennylane.queuing import QueuingManager

from .optimization_utils import find_next_gate, fuse_rot_angles


[docs]@transform def single_qubit_fusion( tape: QuantumTape, atol=1e-8, exclude_gates=None ) -> (Sequence[QuantumTape], Callable): r"""Quantum function transform to fuse together groups of single-qubit operations into a general single-qubit unitary operation (:class:`~.Rot`). Fusion is performed only between gates that implement the property ``single_qubit_rot_angles``. Any sequence of two or more single-qubit gates (on the same qubit) with that property defined will be fused into one ``Rot``. Args: tape (QNode or QuantumTape or Callable): A quantum circuit. atol (float): An absolute tolerance for which to apply a rotation after fusion. After fusion of gates, if the fused angles :math:`\theta` are such that :math:`|\theta|\leq \text{atol}`, no rotation gate will be applied. exclude_gates (None or list[str]): A list of gates that should be excluded from full fusion. If set to ``None``, all single-qubit gates that can be fused will be fused. Returns: qnode (QNode) or quantum function (Callable) or tuple[List[QuantumTape], function]: The transformed circuit as described in :func:`qml.transform <pennylane.transform>`. **Example** >>> dev = qml.device('default.qubit', wires=1) You can apply the transform directly on :class:`QNode`: .. code-block:: python @single_qubit_fusion @qml.qnode(device=dev) def qfunc(r1, r2): qml.Hadamard(wires=0) qml.Rot(*r1, wires=0) qml.Rot(*r2, wires=0) qml.RZ(r1[0], wires=0) qml.RZ(r2[0], wires=0) return qml.expval(qml.X(0)) The single qubit gates are fused before execution. .. details:: :title: Usage Details Consider the following quantum function. .. code-block:: python def qfunc(r1, r2): qml.Hadamard(wires=0) qml.Rot(*r1, wires=0) qml.Rot(*r2, wires=0) qml.RZ(r1[0], wires=0) qml.RZ(r2[0], wires=0) return qml.expval(qml.X(0)) The circuit before optimization: >>> qnode = qml.QNode(qfunc, dev) >>> print(qml.draw(qnode)([0.1, 0.2, 0.3], [0.4, 0.5, 0.6])) 0: ──H──Rot(0.1, 0.2, 0.3)──Rot(0.4, 0.5, 0.6)──RZ(0.1)──RZ(0.4)──┤ ⟨X⟩ Full single-qubit gate fusion allows us to collapse this entire sequence into a single ``qml.Rot`` rotation gate. >>> optimized_qfunc = single_qubit_fusion(qfunc) >>> optimized_qnode = qml.QNode(optimized_qfunc, dev) >>> print(qml.draw(optimized_qnode)([0.1, 0.2, 0.3], [0.4, 0.5, 0.6])) 0: ──Rot(3.57, 2.09, 2.05)──┤ ⟨X⟩ """ # Make a working copy of the list to traverse list_copy = tape.operations.copy() new_operations = [] while len(list_copy) > 0: current_gate = list_copy[0] # If the gate should be excluded, queue it and move on regardless # of fusion potential if exclude_gates is not None: if current_gate.name in exclude_gates: new_operations.append(current_gate) list_copy.pop(0) continue # Look for single_qubit_rot_angles; if not available, queue and move on. # If available, grab the angles and try to fuse. try: cumulative_angles = stack(current_gate.single_qubit_rot_angles()) except (NotImplementedError, AttributeError): new_operations.append(current_gate) list_copy.pop(0) continue # Find the next gate that acts on the same wires next_gate_idx = find_next_gate(current_gate.wires, list_copy[1:]) if next_gate_idx is None: new_operations.append(current_gate) list_copy.pop(0) continue # Before entering the loop, we check to make sure the next gate is not in the # exclusion list. If it is, we should apply the original gate as-is, and not the # Rot version (example in test test_single_qubit_fusion_exclude_gates). if exclude_gates is not None: next_gate = list_copy[next_gate_idx + 1] if next_gate.name in exclude_gates: new_operations.append(current_gate) list_copy.pop(0) continue # Loop as long as a valid next gate exists while next_gate_idx is not None: next_gate = list_copy[next_gate_idx + 1] # Check first if the next gate is in the exclusion list if exclude_gates is not None: if next_gate.name in exclude_gates: break # Try to extract the angles; since the Rot angles are implemented # solely for single-qubit gates, and we used find_next_gate to obtain # the gate in question, only valid single-qubit gates on the same # wire as the current gate will be fused. try: next_gate_angles = stack(next_gate.single_qubit_rot_angles()) except (NotImplementedError, AttributeError): break cumulative_angles = fuse_rot_angles(cumulative_angles, stack(next_gate_angles)) list_copy.pop(next_gate_idx + 1) next_gate_idx = find_next_gate(current_gate.wires, list_copy[1:]) # If we are tracing/jitting, don't perform any conditional checks and # apply the rotation regardless of the angles. if is_abstract(cumulative_angles): with QueuingManager.stop_recording(): new_operations.append(Rot(*cumulative_angles, wires=current_gate.wires)) # If not tracing, check whether all angles are 0 (or equivalently, if the RY # angle is close to 0, and so is the sum of the RZ angles else: if not allclose( stack([cumulative_angles[0] + cumulative_angles[2], cumulative_angles[1]]), [0.0, 0.0], atol=atol, rtol=0, ): with QueuingManager.stop_recording(): new_operations.append(Rot(*cumulative_angles, wires=current_gate.wires)) # Remove the starting gate from the list list_copy.pop(0) new_tape = type(tape)(new_operations, tape.measurements, shots=tape.shots) def null_postprocessing(results): """A postprocesing function returned by a transform that only converts the batch of results into a result for a single ``QuantumTape``. """ return results[0] return [new_tape], null_postprocessing